Independence air was a low cost air line Free Essays

Freedom air was a minimal effort aircraft that was claimed by FLYi, Inc who had their central command in Virginia. Autonomy air worked from the year 1989 and it’s halted its tasks in 2006. Autonomy air for the most part centered around the East Coast and the West coast. We will compose a custom article test on Autonomy air was an ease aircraft or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now The course system of autonomy air was situated in Washington Dulles worldwide air terminal. Lamentably the organization stopped its procedure on January fifth 2006 at 8:24 p.m. The organization (autonomy air) had been in Chapter 11 liquidation from seventh 2005 there were some conversation that was occurring, which individuals thought would have spared Independence air yet that didn't occur. Clarification of Independence Air strategy Atlantic Coast Airlines is the ancestor of Independence aircraft. The freedom carrier organization began has Atlantic Coast Airlines in fifteenth December 1989. It (Atlantic Coast Airline) was working a feeder benefits as United Express for Delta Connection and United Air lines. Joined with drew from contract after conflict with Atlantic Coast. This constrained Atlantic organization to rethink itself to a minimal effort autonomy air. The primary target of autonomy aircraft was to accompanied an air transporter with deal base, odd and an agreeable help (Sharkey 2006) The 4 Ps for the autonomy aircraft is: For their Promotion †freedom carrier did concentrated advancement even before it was propelled. On twentieth May 2004, preceding they introduced their first flight, they marked a multi year manage Washington Redskins; the organization was to turn into the official backer of Washington Redskins. This was an advertising procedure for freedom. In the late spring of the year 2005 autonomy carrier offered College understudies a Glide Summer travel pass. In the wake of paying 200 and fifty US dollars Customers were to fly free (subsequent to paying air terminal charges and duties) from May first to August 31st on Saturdays, Wednesdays and Tuesday. This was not outfitted towards getting any income, it was simply intended to have clients fill in the vacant seats. The organization likewise contributed on an armada of twenty special vehicles, which they named â€Å"Jet trucks†. They altered pick ups trucks and painted them in airline’s uniform and on the trucks bed they appended an airplane tail. The organization likewise had some silly contacts which it added to flying experience like the organization supplanted the airline steward wellbeing announcementâ with a form of superstars suchâ Mary Matalin and James Carville which had before on been pre recorded. On their Pricing, the organization picked a lower cost when contrasted with their rivals, this was for the most part intended to draw in clients. They at long last prevailing with regards to drawing in more clients, to such an extent that at their pinnacle they were working 600 trips every day. Their evaluating methodology was one of the components that a few researchers contended that fizzled, on the grounds that at whatever point the cost of fuel animated, they didn’t modify their costs. With regards to Place, Independence air primarily centered around the East Coast and the West coast. The course system of autonomy air was situated in Washington Dulles universal air terminal. The organization had numerous assorted Products as far as the kind of plane that they were working. Autonomy aircraft worked the accompanying planes CRJ200, Bombardier, British aviation fly stream 4100 turbo prop and a few air buses.â (Williamson 2006 pp 19 - 26). Freedom carrier had numerous qualities and weaknesses.â Some of its shortcoming was: the organization was confronted with a ton of rivalry from its rivals who were charging a more significant expense for their ticket when contrasted with Independence aircraft instances of a portion of their rivals were United carrier. The subsequent shortcoming is that the organization neglected to attempt an increasingly escalated advancement; this made them to free a portion of their clients to joined carrier. Ultimately a few pundits additionally bring up that the administration of autonomous aircraft was likewise not successful. A portion of its quality were theâ organization had a ton of capital that they invested,â the organization had a deals and promoting group that was innovative finally bringing down the costs of their administrations was additionally a solidarity to them since it made them to draw in more clients. While completing their Environmental and market appraisal the organization conveyed broad investigations on a portion of the organizations that they thought will be their rivals. These gave them a thought on how the market is and how they would go into the market. Freedom carrier accepted that it could without much of a stretch thrive all alone due to the system that they were going to use to enter the market. They were sure that by lessening the costs of their administrations they will have the option to pull in more clients (French 2004) Step by step instructions to refer to Independence air was a minimal effort carrier, Papers

What is love?

As every last one of us may come to concur, love is only a straightforward four-letter word, yet it can have various implications as much as possible be seen in various manners. For certain individuals, love is a straightforward articulation of fondness, while others may discover it as a profound and veritable term that includes their sentiments and feelings towards their friends and family. Besides, as regular information, love is to some degree a substance that is felt by most, if not all, individuals through their folks, life partners, kids, companions, and the alleged â€Å"divine love† from God. By and by, while a few people are sure that they know and feel the substance of affection, others are as yet confounded are as yet not ready to observe the specific significance of adoration in their lives. Consequently, this paper means to have a generous introduction of built up realities and definitions relating to adore, in view of pertinent and trustworthy references. LOVE†¦ What truly is love? Let us attempt to take a gander at Webster’s meaning of adoration. As indicated by Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary, love is: solid friendship for another [person] that emerge from connection and individual ties; a fascination dependent on sexual want, a worry for another individual and a fondness; delicacy felt by darlings; a warm connection, energy, or commitment for an individual or item; a paternal worry of God to mankind; a person’s love of God. (â€Å"love†) Based on the above definition, love is genuinely characterized as an articulation, a condu ct that is conveyed by one individual to others because of sentiments and feelings that grew from connections and ties. Additionally, love is a validation of confidence and love of God, in light of how the powerful being had demonstrated His heavenly worry to mankind through His affection. Then again, love can likewise be related with sexual wants which probably started from the fascination between sweethearts. In this way, the Merriam-Webster’s definition obviously delineates love as activities (articulation and conduct) that are completed by people as social creatures and as manifestations of God. Maybe, the most solid and the most authentic meaning of adoration can be found inside the good book, explicitly the thirteenth section in the book of first Corinthians, which is broadly known as the â€Å"love chapter†. What's more, its most noteworthy pieces are cited as follows: Love shows restraint, love is thoughtful. It doesn't begrudge, it doesn't gloat, it isn't pleased. It isn't impolite, it isn't greedy, it isn't effortlessly maddened, [and] it keeps no record of wrongs. Love doesn't take pleasure in detestable yet celebrates with reality. It generally secures, consistently trusts, consistently trusts, [and] consistently drives forward. Love never fails†¦ †¦And now these three remain: confidence, expectation, and love. Be that as it may, the best of these is love. (New International Version, 1 Cor. 13. 4-8, 13) Indeed, the bible’s meaning of adoration completely explains the particular and praiseworthy qualities of real or genuine romance, consequentl y featuring the magnanimity, dependability, and validity of affection. Thus, consistent with its motivation, this paper had the option to represent the significance of adoration through usage of the most dependable writings. Thus, we can now hence recognize what love is†¦ Works Cited â€Å"love.† Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2009. Merriam-Webster Online. 21 April 2009 <http://www.merriam-webster.com/word reference/love> New International Version of The Holy Bible. Colorado Springs: International Bible Society, 1984. What is love? Love is characterized in one Raymond Carver's acclaimed short story entitled â€Å"Beginners†. Distributed in 1981 it is viewed as a s an ageless and powerful bit of present day writing as it gives love an alternate sort of significance. It is an assortment of short accounts of individuals becoming hopelessly enamored, as of now infatuated and needed to leave love. The perfect work of art is written so that perusers will think regarding what degree love can represent the moment of truth lives and how to manage this four letter word that drives everything and everyone. The book handles various situations of affection introduced through arrangement of stories which produces linkage to the significance of the word love at long last. Despite the fact that the plot spins on an easygoing drinking discussion of two couples, it truly makes sense in giving affection various implications. Love was delineated in the short story from multiple points of view. Characters introduced in the story are diverse as far as calling and individual foundation yet they are for the most part talking around a certain something, love. Men are from Venus and young ladies are from Mars as it might appear when perusers attempt to process the idea of Carver's story all in all. He gives different cases that ladies are urgently being accommodating to men to the degree that they are being harmed and misuse just to demonstrate how they love their accomplices. I state this on account of Carl who excessively manhandled his accomplice. Terri then again wouldn't fret being deceived by adoration. Love can murder on account of Carl who continued beating his accomplice since this is his method of indicating love. Terri then again is blinded by feeling that is the reason she let her accomplice hurt her reasoning that it is constantly about affection. She is so caring to the point that piece of her being anorexic is brought about by a lot of beating to her via Carl. Herb McGinnis then again is a cardiologist that can fix the heart both truly and allegorically. He is depicted in the book as somebody that can patch even the most profound injury brought about via Carl in Terri's life. He has his a lot of opinion about adoration as he constantly underpins his first spouse and children. His fatherly love is depicted via Carver in the story as an undying dedication to give even his last single penny for adoration and backing to bring up his kids. Idiotic as it might appear since Herb isn't just givinf backing to his kids monetarily yet in addition to his first spouse's sweetheart also. He can't reject doing it on the grounds that the lady may deny him from seeing their youngsters. Be that as it may, the romantic tale of Laura and the storyteller himself tells another part of affection then again. Since they are simply recently marries and are on the early piece of their relationship, the advantages and delights of feeling love is still at its best. In any case, they continued indicating steadiness in demonstrating how they esteem each other ordinary. So as to develop love to the more youthful couple, Herb portrayed the narrative of the old couple who were both harmed because of a fender bender. The romantic tale of the two old made the Beginners an account of affection very much characterized. Love can be magnanimous or narrow minded, giving and pardoning, recuperating and overlooking. These are not many of the fundamental tones of the short story in the event that we will analyze the entire idea of Beginners by Raymond Carver. It is to be sure a story that is made for perusers to esteem the significance and live the sentiment of affection. What is love? Love is characterized in one Raymond Carver's well known short story entitled â€Å"Beginners†. Distributed in 1981 it is viewed as a s an immortal and powerful bit of current writing as it gives love an alternate sort of significance. It is an assortment of short accounts of individuals experiencing passionate feelings for, at present in affection and needed to leave love. The perfect work of art is written so that perusers will think regarding what degree love can represent the moment of truth lives and how to manage this four letter word that makes life as we know it possible. The book handles various situations of adoration introduced through arrangement of stories which produces linkage to the significance of the word love at long last. In spite of the fact that the plot spins on an easygoing drinking discussion of two couples, it truly makes sense in giving affection various implications. Love was delineated in the short story from multiple points of view. Characters introduced in the story are diverse as far as calling and individual foundation however they are largely talking around a certain something, love. Men are from Venus and young ladies are from Mars as it might appear when perusers attempt to process the idea of Carver's story overall. He gives different occurrences that ladies are frantically being accommodating to men to the degree that they are being harmed and misuse just to demonstrate how they love their accomplices. I state this on account of Carl who excessively mishandled his accomplice. Terri then again wouldn't fret being misled by affection. Love can murder on account of Carl who continued beating his accomplice since this is his method of indicating love. Terri then again is blinded by feeling that is the reason she let her accomplice hurt her reasoning that it is constantly about affection. She is so sacrificial to the point that piece of her being anorexic is brought about by an excessive amount of beating to her via Carl. Herb McGinnis then again is a cardiologist that can fix the heart both truly and allegorically. He is portrayed in the book as somebody that can patch even the most profound injury brought about via Carl in Terri's life. He has his a lot of assessment about affection as he persistently underpins his first spouse and children. His fatherly love is depicted via Carver in the story as an undying commitment to give even his last single penny for adoration and backing to bring up his kids. Idiotic as it might appear since Herb isn't just givinf backing to his youngsters monetarily yet additionally to his first spouse's darling too. He can't deny doing it on the grounds that the lady may deny him from seeing their kids. Be that as it may, the romantic tale of Laura and the storyteller himself tells another part of affection then again. Since they are simply recently marries and are on the early piece of their relationship, the advantages and delights of feeling love is still at its best. Be that as it may, they continued demonstrating ingenuity in demonstrating how they esteem each other ordinary. So as to develop love to the more youthful couple, Herb portrayed the account of the old couple who were both harmed because of a fender bender. The romantic tale of the two old made the Beginners an account of affection very much characterized. Love c

Weekend Trip to Salem, MA

Weekend Trip to Salem, MA (for a visual summary of the trip, scroll down for pictures) “Let’s go on a trip. To Salem,” I asked my partner a week ahead of a long weekend. I wasn’t expecting an affirmative answer, really, as a 4-day weekend in late April is helpfully situated before hell week(s), i.e. the weeks when final projects and exams become real threats. He said, “Yeah, sure” (tentatively). So I started planning. Good thing Salem, MA, had few accommodation options. Between historical hotel and reasonable inn, I had to choose the latter. One perk of being a poor college student: choices are easy (unfortunately, because the options are few). The best part of trip planning was then figuring out places to visit. In my mind, I had this vision of Salem as a relaxing little town with a lighthouse, as seen on Google Images. What could be more romantic than watching the sunset together by a lighthouse? Really, it’s just pure rom-com material. The official Salem visitor’s guide did not reflect my priorities. I ditched it eventually and decided to improvise once in the town. Salem’s main tourist bait was… “witches!” And, okay, it would be reasonable to have a memorial for the Salem Witch Trials’ 20 victims (if you don’t remember the event that “shattered the rock of theocracy” from high school US History class, look it up; otherwise, proceed with caution). But Salem really took the “witch” theme out of proportion. “Witch City Salem” was our WiFi password. It was the focus of every brochure. Downtown was lined with witch-themed souvenir shops and “Salem witch” parlors with future-telling services of various sorts: palm reading, crystal ball reading, etc. There were nightmare factories. And 3D horror theatres. And nightly spooky tours. And kid-friendly “reenactments” of the Trials. Absolutely horrifying! The worst part was that the Salem Witch Trials were very-very real, complete with torture and capital punishment. On a global scale, the witch hunt was the “largest mass killing of human beings by other human beings, not caused by warfare,” with an estimated six million victims (source). That was in Europe, the place Salem settlers came from. So was it at all appropriate to have kid-friendly reenactments of trials and “A Night to Dismember” party during the month-long Salem Halloween extravaganza? I can’t name one mass killing kids could celebrate. They shouldn’t. No one should. Salem is famous for the Trials. But did you know that Salem also has the “site of one of the major international ports in the colonies,” Salem Harbor? Or that it’s home to the Peabody Essex Museum, “one of the oldest [and largest] continuously operating museums in the United States? There are more than one romantic lighthouse and Winter Island, a marine recreational park with remnants of a 19th-century fort. There’s also Nathaniel Hawthorne’s birthplace and House of the Seven Gables, which served as inspiration for Hawthorne’s famous novel The House of the Seven Gables (the author is also famous for the Scarlet Letter). These are all  pleasant getaway spots. The reasons I wanted to go to Salem. Alas, the witch references were unavoidable, no matter how hard we tried. “Yikesey” is the word I’d use to describe them. Although we managed to not visit anything witch-related directly, we could not ignore the signs and witch hats and cats in the storefronts. We never did make it to the romantic lighthouse. The island-park closed at sunset so we could not watch the sunset at the perfect spot. Instead, we wandered along witch-related streets and then ate seafood in a restaurant by the ocean. The food was delectable, and the ocean was black and spooky. We didn’t dare venture onto the night pier. The abandoned boats, the ocean molding with the night sky… It was a black void in a city that claimed to be haunted. At night, Salem grew impossibly quiet. Every sound outside the inn was clear and striking. In the morning, I was woken by a harrowing newscaster voice on the clock radio. It was 8 am. Then we had to deal with two fire alarms that blared in the most terrifying pitch. Perhaps Salem didn’t have any real witches, but I was certainly spooked. Really, why couldn’t the city make its other historic landmarksâ€"reasonable destinations not dependent upon the season of Halloweenâ€"the tourist baits? On the way back on the purple commuter train, we braced for the remaining two long-weekend days. It was time to work. We had no excuses not to. After all, we had just spent a day and night on vacation. Felt pretty special, but we had to go back to the MIT routine  sometime. Later that day, we went to get food with a large group of hall neighbors, and it was refreshing to be in a friendly crowd. No more haunted houses. Cambridge, MA was young and vibrant and, to my knowledge, without a horrific past. Despite everything, I don’t want to make it seem like I did not enjoy the Salem trip. It was romantic and dreamy and a wonderful diversion from the #MITlife. It was also the topic for my final 24.201 Topics in History of Philosophy: Justice Political Economy paper, so the late-April trip was actually convenient. I got to examine the witch hunt from a feminist perspective and discuss the commoditization of the Witch Trials. And also vent about the Salem tourist industry. The Salem story is proof that it is totally possible to enjoy a young person’s life while at MIT. MIT does have long weekends, and fun people. It’s in a great location for public transport/commuter rail access. Whether you like history, or literature, or relaxation, or a vibrant city scene with festivals, concerts, and other unique events, it’s all here. Good to know. Below are pictures from the Salem trip. Looking forward to the next fun adventure. Where will you go?   First View of Salem from the Commuter Rail  Downtown Salem More of Downtown Salem + the Peabody Essex Museum (Peabody Essex) Museum Place Stickwork  by  Patrick Doughterty School of Witchcraft Wizardry Salem Harbor + a Romantic Lighthouse in the Distance Bonus: Seen from the Commuter Rail Train Window

Analysis Of Carl Marx s Writing - 868 Words

The definition of Capitalism at its core the foundation of Western economics and politics. It is more than a concept that is driven by a way of life for many but yet it is such a foul word in the eyes of Carl Marx. His analysis is that such an idea has the power to drive individuals to betray their core beliefs and committing acts that are as severe as one of the reviled families in history, the Bourgeois; The literary piece known as, Bourgeois and Proletarians. In this paper will be an analysis of Carl Marx’s writing and to evaluate if Marx presents a compelling argument that presents a valid point of capitalism akin to the bourgeois. Marx’s writing is positioning throughout the work that there is an overarching theme about class warfare in society. In the second passage, â€Å"the earlier epochs of history, we find almost everywhere a complicated arrangement of society into various orders.† (Marx par. 2). He writes that there has been a strict system arranging classes of people based upon their social and economic status. This quoted phrase is a logos statement as it is common knowledge that human history has had relevant class systems. Similar to the caste system in early days, it was often viewed that one’s birth right was granted into poverty or elite social status with wealth. Class was as defined as one’s skin color. Highly improbable to allow an individual or family to transcend what was their classification in society. The next piece that Marx presents as damningShow MoreRelatedCarl Marx and Frederick Engels Essay1886 Words   |  8 Pages(Britannica, M575) First of all, if you want to know about communism we must first look at Marxism. Carl Marx and his associate Frederick Engels formulated Marxism in the 19th century. They observed the socio- economic, changes that were happening in Great Britain during the industrial revolution. England was the dominant world power and had the largest industrialized economy during the 1800’s. The development of the factory and the beginning of the assembly line created a large demand forRead MoreConfessional Poetry Essay1640 Words   |  7 PagesConfessional poetry is a style that emerged in the late 1950’s. Poetry of this type tends to be very personal and emotional. Many confessional poets dealt with subject matter that had previously been taboo. Death, trauma, mental illness, sexuality, and numerous other topics flowed through the works of the poetry from this movement. Confessional poetry was not purely autobiographical, but did often express deeply disturbing personal experience. (Academy of American Poets) Three importantRead MoreEssay on Analysis of George Orwells 19844218 Words   |  17 PagesAnalysis of George Orwells 1984 War Is Peace. Freedom Is Slavery. Ignorance Is Strength. The party slogan of Ingsoc illustrates the sense of contradiction which characterizes the novel 1984. That the book was taken by many as a condemnation of socialism would have troubled Orwell greatly, had he lived to see the aftermath of his work. 1984 was a warning against totalitarianism and state sponsored brutality driven by excess technology. Socialist idealism in 1984 had turned to a total loss ofRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 PagesMarx’s economic theories as such: we shall confine our discussion to their methodological premises and implications. It will in any case be obvious to the reader that the present writer upholds the validity of their content. Secondly, a detailed analysis of Rosa Luxemburg’s thought is necessary because its seminal discoveries no less than its errors have had a decisive influence on the theories of Marxists outside Russia, ab ove all in Germany. To some extent this influence persists to this day. 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When engineers and engineering students - not to mention those who make use of engineering services - dismiss philosophical analysis and reflection as marginal to the practice of engineering, they are mistaken on at least two counts: historical and professional. It is also the case, I would argue, that engineering is important to philosophy - and that philosophers have made woefullyRead MoreSymbolic Interactionism George Simmel Jacqueline Low10230 Words   |  41 PagesStructure, Agency, and Social Reality in Blumerian Symbolic Interactionism: The Influence of Georg Simmel Author(s): Jacqueline Low Source: Symbolic Interaction, Vol. 31, No. 3 (Summer 2008), pp. 325-343 Published by: Wiley on behalf of the Society for the Study of Symbolic Interaction Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/si.2008.31.3.325 . Accessed: 31/03/2015 20:24 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstorRead MoreHerbert Spencer Essay13142 Words   |  53 Pagesevolution is said to have arisen from the examination of fossils that came from the rail-road cuts. Spencer left the railroad to take up a literary career and to follow up some of his scientific interests. He began by contributing to The Non-Conformist, writing a series of letters called The Proper Sphere of Government. This was his first major work and contained his basic concepts of individualism and laissez-faire, which were to be later developed more fully in his Social Statics (1850) and other worksRead MoreAgrarian Magic: 20 Theories on the Origin of Religion8239 Words   |  33 Pagesreligion’s claims, we can attempt to understand its functions. 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College Essay Acceptance Samples Secrets That No One Else Knows About

College Essay Acceptance Samples Secrets That No One Else Knows About The Fight Against College Essay Acceptance Samples Although every facet of your college application is crucial, a strong college admission essay is just one of the most essential elements of the application. Because you are interested in getting the essay to communicate the very best information about you, you have to do thorough preparation for the sample college admission essays to accomplish its purposes. Applicants utilizing the paper application includes their essay and short. As a way to snag an admittance letter to a college, you have to have an excellent application. One of the most difficult features of college life is finances. If you wish to create a college essay which works, you will need to provide importance on the content which you will offer the admissions officer of your intended university with. If you are going to include details that could directly hit the requirements of the school, then it is easy to get the approvalA that you should be accepted for enrollment. Besides college loans, there's the stress of keeping up a GPA to put in the university which you dream about. Once you've heard back, it's time to earn a decision about where you need to go for college. The deadline for your response will probably beMay 1, so make sure to contact your preferred college at this date. More frequently than not, deadlines for submitting applications are almost always short which makes many possible applicants worry they will not have the capability to submit their sample essay for MBA application punctually. This deadline is practically always May 1. Definitions of College Essay Acceptance Samples Advanced vocabulary ought to be the spice of the essay to give it flavor, so you're going to use plain language a lot of the moment. When you realize that topic, it's about writing and rewriting. Students are often asked to explain the reason why they want to know more about a specific school or academic field in these supplemental essays, which are generally shorter than the principal essay. Besides having an exceptional SAT score, you would have to produce the ideal college essay. Writing a college admission essay can be very tough. By learning how to take things apart and critique, you will also learn to compose the statements better. May 2006 There aren't any interviews, therefore your essay should be on point. Although you should be creative when writing your essay, resist the need to find creative with the facts. Also, for those who have an essay which you are pleased with and would love to share with others, don't hesitate to get in touch with us with it and well publish it with your attribution. Your essay is a special reflection of who you are as an individual. Your college essay should contain information that relate to the instruction offered to you. An acceptance essay differs from an expository essay, because it will offer more information on one's experiences. Before you commence writing your college essay, you might want to see the essay examplesA that we've listed for you, so that you can have more idea on what things to put in the college essay you will create. When you're finished writing, you will need to make sure your essay still adheres to the prompt. In your essays, you may use unique approaches. Moreover, narrative essays are the most frequently made essays, which likewise tell a story. Our admission essay examples can prove that we're here in order to provide simply the very best assistance to assure you which you submit an application essay that you may be confident in. Stephen's essay is quite effective. He connects his past experience to his current maturity through self-knowledge. Everybody's story differs. The author starts with a rather in depth story of an event or description of an individual or place. Luckily, you've come to the correct place to discover the greatest remedy to every single academic writing problem that you're currently facing with your essay.

Foundation THE STORY BEHIND THE “FOUNDATION” Free Essays

By ISAAC ASIMOV The date was August 1, 1941. World War II had been raging for two years. France had fallen, the Battle of Britain had been fought, and the Soviet Union had just been invaded by Nazi Germany. We will write a custom essay sample on Foundation THE STORY BEHIND THE â€Å"FOUNDATION† or any similar topic only for you Order Now The bombing of Pearl Harbor was four months in the future. But on that day, with Europe in flames, and the evil shadow of Adolf Hitler apparently falling over all the world, what was chiefly on my mind was a meeting toward which I was hastening. I was 21 years old, a graduate student in chemistry at Columbia University, and I had been writing science fiction professionally for three years. In that time, I had sold five stories to John Campbell, editor of Astounding, and the fifth story, â€Å"Nightfall,† was about to appear in the September 1941 issue of the magazine. I had an appointment to see Mr. Campbell to tell him the plot of a new story I was planning to write, and the catch was that I had no plot in mind, not the trace of one. I therefore tried a device I sometimes use. I opened a book at random and set up free association, beginning with whatever I first saw. The book I had with me was a collection of the Gilbert and Sullivan plays. I happened to open it to the picture of the Fairy Queen of lolanthe throwing herself at the feet of Private Willis. I thought of soldiers, of military empires, of the Roman Empire of a Galactic Empire aha! Why shouldn’t I write of the fall of the Galactic Empire and of the return of feudalism, written from the viewpoint of someone in the secure days of the Second Galactic Empire? After all, I had read Gibbon’s Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire not once, but twice. I was bubbling over by the time I got to Campbell’s, and my enthusiasm must have been catching for Campbell blazed up as I had never seen him do. In the course of an hour we built up the notion of a vast series of connected stories that were to deal in intricate detail with the thousand-year period between the First and Second Galactic Empires. This was to be illuminated by the science of psychohistory, which Campbell and I thrashed out between us. On August 11, 1941, therefore, I began the story of that interregnum and called it â€Å"Foundation.† In it, I described how the psychohistorian, Hari Seldon, established a pair of Foundations at opposite ends of the Universe under such circumstances as to make sure that the forces of history would bring about the second Empire after one thousand years instead of the thirty thousand that would be required otherwise. The story was submitted on September 8 and, to make sure that Campbell really meant what he said about a series, I ended â€Å"Foundation† on a cliff-hanger. Thus, it seemed to me, he would be forced to buy a second story. However, when I started the second story (on October 24), I found that I had outsmarted myself. I quickly wrote myself into an impasse, and the Foundation series would have died an ignominious death had I not had a conversation with Fred Pohl on November 2 (on the Brooklyn Bridge, as it happened). I don’t remember what Fred actually said, but, whatever it was, it pulled me out of the hole. â€Å"Foundation† appeared in the May 1942 issue of Astounding and the succeeding story, â€Å"Bridle and Saddle,† in the June 1942 issue. After that there was only the routine trouble of writing the stories. Through the remainder of the decade, John Campbell kept my nose to the grindstone and made sure he got additional Foundation stories. â€Å"The Big and the Little† was in the August 1944 Astounding, â€Å"The Wedge† in the October 1944 issue, and â€Å"Dead Hand† in the April 1945 issue. (These stories were written while I was working at the Navy Yard in Philadelphia.) On January 26, 1945, I began â€Å"The Mule,† my personal favorite among the Foundation stories, and the longest yet, for it was 50,000 words. It was printed as a two-part serial (the very first serial I was ever responsible for) in the November and December 1945 issues. By the time the second part appeared I was in the army. After I got out of the army, I wrote â€Å"Now You See It† which appeared in the January 1948 issue. By this time, though, I had grown tired of the Foundation stories so I tried to end them by setting up, and solving, the mystery of the location of the Second Foundation. Campbell would have none of that, however. He forced me to change the ending, and made me promise I would do one more Foundation story. Well, Campbell was the kind of editor who could not be denied, so I wrote one more Foundation story, vowing to myself that it would be the last. I called it â€Å"?And Now You Don’t,† and it appeared as a three-part serial in the November 1949, December 1949, and January 1950 issues of Astounding. By then, I was on the biochemistry faculty of Boston University School of Medicine, my first book had just been published, and I was determined to move on to new things. I had spent eight years on the Foundation, written nine stories with a total of about 220,000 words. My total earnings for the series came to $3,641 and that seemed enough. The Foundation was over and done with, as far as I was concerned. In 1950, however, hardcover science fiction was just coming into existence. I had no objection to earning a little more money by having the Foundation series reprinted in book form. I offered the series to Doubleday (which had already published a science-fiction novel by me, and which had contracted for another) and to Little-Brown, but both rejected it. In that year, though, a small publishing firm, Gnome Press, was beginning to be active, and it was prepared to do the Foundation series as three books. The publisher of Gnome felt, however, that the series began too abruptly. He persuaded me to write a small Foundation story, one that would serve as an introductory section to the first book (so that the first part of the Foundation series was the last written). In 1951, the Gnome Press edition of Foundation was published, containing the introduction and the first four stories of the series. In 1952, Foundation and Empire appeared, with the fifth and sixth stories; and in 1953, Second Foundation appeared, with the seventh and eighth stories. The three books together came to be called The Foundation Trilogy. The mere fact of the existence of the Trilogy pleased me, but Gnome Press did not have the financial clout or the publishing knowhow to get the books distributed properly, so that few copies were sold and fewer still paid me royalties. (Nowadays, copies of first editions of those Gnome Press books sell at $50 a copy and up?but I still get no royalties from them.) Ace Books did put out paperback editions of Foundation and of Foundation and Empire, but they changed the titles, and used cut versions. Any money that was involved was paid to Gnome Press and I didn’t see much of that. In the first decade of the existence of The Foundation Trilogy it may have earned something like $1500 total. And yet there was some foreign interest. In early 1961, Timothy Seldes, who was then my editor at Doubleday, told me that Doubleday had received a request for the Portuguese rights for the Foundation series and, since they weren’t Doubleday books, he was passing them on to me. I sighed and said, â€Å"The heck with it, Tim. I don’t get royalties on those books.† Seldes was horrified, and instantly set about getting the books away from Gnome Press so that Doubleday could publish them instead. He paid no attention to my loudly expressed fears that Doubleday â€Å"would lose its shirt on them.† In August 1961 an agreement was reached and the Foundation books became Doubleday property. What’s more, Avon Books, which had published a paperback version of Second Foundation, set about obtaining the rights to all three from Doubleday, and put out nice editions. From that moment on, the Foundation books took off and began to earn increasing royalties. They have sold well and steadily, both in hardcover and softcover, for two decades so far. Increasingly, the letters I received from the readers spoke of them in high praise. They received more attention than all my other books put together. Doubleday also published an omnibus volume, The Foundation Trilogy, for its Science Fiction Book Club. That omnibus volume has been continuously featured by the Book Club for over twenty years. Matters reached a climax in 1966. The fans organizing the World Science Fiction Convention for that year (to be held in Cleveland) decided to award a Hugo for the best all-time series, where the series, to qualify, had to consist of at least three connected novels. It was the first time such a category had been set up, nor has it been repeated since. The Foundation series was nominated, and I felt that was going to have to be glory enough for me, since I was sure that Tolkien’s â€Å"Lord of the Rings† would win. It didn’t. The Foundation series won, and the Hugo I received for it has been sitting on my bookcase in the livingroom ever since. In among all this litany of success, both in money and in fame, there was one annoying side-effect. Readers couldn’t help but notice that the books of the Foundation series covered only three hundred-plus years of the thousand-year hiatus between Empires. That meant the Foundation series â€Å"wasn’t finished.† I got innumerable letters from readers who asked me to finish it, from others who demanded I finish it, and still others who threatened dire vengeance if I didn’t finish it. Worse yet, various editors at Doubleday over the years have pointed out that it might be wise to finish it. It was flattering, of course, but irritating as well. Years had passed, then decades. Back in the 1940s, I had been in a Foundation-writing mood. Now I wasn’t. Starting in the late 1950s, I had been in a more and more nonfiction-writing mood. That didn’t mean I was writing no fiction at all. In the 1960s and 1970s, in fact, I wrote two science-fiction novels and a mystery novel, to say nothing of well over a hundred short stories but about eighty percent of what I wrote was nonfiction. One of the most indefatigable nags in the matter of finishing the Foundation series was my good friend, the great science-fiction writer, Lester del Rey. He was constantly telling me I ought to finish the series and was just as constantly suggesting plot devices. He even told Larry Ashmead, then my editor at Doubleday, that if I refused to write more Foundation stories, he, Lester, would be willing to take on the task. When Ashmead mentioned this to me in 1973, I began another Foundation novel out of sheer desperation. I called it â€Å"Lightning Rod† and managed to write fourteen pages before other tasks called me away. The fourteen pages were put away and additional years passed. In January 1977, Cathleen Jordan, then my editor at Doubleday, suggested I do â€Å"an important book a Foundation novel, perhaps.† I said, â€Å"I’d rather do an autobiography,† and I did 640,000 words of it. In January 1981, Doubleday apparently lost its temper. At least, Hugh O’Neill, then my editor there, said, â€Å"Betty Prashker wants to see you,† and marched me into her office. She was then one of the senior editors, and a sweet and gentle person. She wasted no time. â€Å"Isaac,† she said, â€Å"you are going to write a novel for us and you are going to sign a contract to that effect.† â€Å"Betty,† I said, â€Å"I am already working on a big science book for Doubleday and I have to revise the Biographical Encyclopedia for Doubleday and â€Å" â€Å"It can all wait,† she said. â€Å"You are going to sign a contract to do a novel. What’s more, we’re going to give you a $50,000 advance.† That was a stunner. I don’t like large advances. They put me under too great an obligation. My average advance is something like $3,000. Why not? It’s all out of royalties. I said, â€Å"That’s way too much money, Betty.† â€Å"No, it isn’t,† she said. â€Å"Doubleday will lose its shirt,† I said. â€Å"You keep telling us that all the time. It won’t.† I said, desperately, â€Å"All right. Have the contract read that I don’t get any money until I notify you in writing that I have begun the novel.† â€Å"Are you crazy?† she said. â€Å"You’ll never start if that clause is in the contract. You get $25,000 on signing the contract, and $25,000 on delivering a completed manuscript.† â€Å"But suppose the novel is no good.† â€Å"Now you’re being silly,† she said, and she ended the conversation. That night, Pat LoBrutto, the science-fiction editor at Doubleday called to express his pleasure. â€Å"And remember,† he said, â€Å"that when we say ‘novel’ we mean ‘science-fiction novel,’ not anything else. And when we say ‘science-fiction novel,’ we mean ‘Foundation novel’ and not anything else.† On February 5, 1981, I signed the contract, and within the week, the Doubleday accounting system cranked out the check for $25,000. I moaned that I was not my own master anymore and Hugh O’Neill said, cheerfully, â€Å"That’s right, and from now on, we’re going to call every other week and say, ‘Where’s the manuscript?† (But they didn’t. They left me strictly alone, and never even asked for a progress report.) Nearly four months passed while I took care of a vast number of things I had to do, but about the end of May, I picked up my own copy of The Foundation Trilogy and began reading. I had to. For one thing, I hadn’t read the Trilogy in thirty years and while I remembered the general plot, I did not remember the details. Besides, before beginning a new Foundation novel I had to immerse myself in the style and atmosphere of the series. I read it with mounting uneasiness. I kept waiting for something to happen, and nothing ever did. All three volumes, all the nearly quarter of a million words, consisted of thoughts and of conversations. No action. No physical suspense. What was all the fuss about, then? Why did everyone want more of that stuff? To be sure, I couldn’t help but notice that I was turning the pages eagerly, and that I was upset when I finished the book, and that I wanted more, but I was the author, for goodness’ sake. You couldn’t go by me. I was on the edge of deciding it was all a terrible mistake and of insisting on giving back the money, when (quite by accident, I swear) I came across some sentences by science-fiction writer and critic, James Gunn, who, in connection with the Foundation series, said, â€Å"Action and romance have little to do with the success of the Trilogy virtually all the action takes place offstage, and the romance is almost invisible but the stories provide a detective-story fascination with the permutations and reversals of ideas.† Oh, well, if what was needed were â€Å"permutations and reversals of ideas,† then that I could supply. Panic receded, and on June 10, 1981, I dug out the fourteen pages I had written more than eight years before and reread them. They sounded good to me. I didn’t remember where I had been headed back then, but I had worked out what seemed to me to be a good ending now, and, starting page 15 on that day, I proceeded to work toward the new ending. I found, to my infinite relief, that I had no trouble getting back into a â€Å"Foundation-mood,† and, fresh from my rereading, I had Foundation history at my finger-tips. There were differences, to be sure: 1) The original stories were written for a science-fiction magazine and were from 7,000 to 50,000 words long, and no more. Consequently, each book in the trilogy had at least two stories and lacked unity. I intended to make the new book a single story. 2) I had a particularly good chance for development since Hugh said, â€Å"Let the book find its own length, Isaac. We don’t mind a long book.† So I planned on 140,000 words, which was nearly three times the length of â€Å"The Mule,† and this gave me plenty of elbow-room, and I could add all sorts of little touches. 3) The Foundation series had been written at a time when our knowledge of astronomy was primitive compared with what it is today. I could take advantage of that and at least mention black holes, for instance. I could also take advantage of electronic computers, which had not been invented until I was half through with the series. The novel progressed steadily, and on January 17, 1982, I began final copy. I brought the manuscript to Hugh O’Neill in batches, and the poor fellow went half-crazy since he insisted on reading it in this broken fashion. On March 25, 1982, I brought in the last bit, and the very next day got the second half of the advance. I had kept â€Å"Lightning Rod† as my working title all the way through, but Hugh finally said, â€Å"Is there any way of putting ‘Foundation’ into the title, Isaac?† I suggested Foundations at Bay, therefore, and that may be the title that will actually be used. * You will have noticed that I have said nothing about the plot of the new Foundation novel. Well, naturally. I would rather you buy and read the book. And yet there is one thing I have to confess to you. I generally manage to tie up all the loose ends into one neat little bow-knot at the end of my stories, no matter how complicated the plot might be. In this case, however, I noticed that when I was all done, one glaring little item remained unresolved. I am hoping no one else notices it because it clearly points the way to the continuation of the series. It is even possible that I inadvertently gave this away for at the end of the novel, I wrote: â€Å"The End (for now).† I very much fear that if the novel proves successful, Doubleday will be at my throat again, as Campbell used to be in the old days. And yet what can I do but hope that the novel is very successful indeed. What a quandary! *Editor’s note: The novel was published in October 1982 as Foundation’s Edge. How to cite Foundation THE STORY BEHIND THE â€Å"FOUNDATION†, Essay examples

Vaccine Essay Example For Students

Vaccine Essay VaccineChildren are one of Gods best gifts to people, as watching their children growis one of the best pleasures people enjoy during their life course. For thisreason, parents must take good care of their children during their early years,as they are vulnerable to many diseases due to their weak immunity. There aremany diseases, infecting children, that may lead to death such as the poliodisease. Scientists found a solution to this problem, by injecting a tiny sampleof the virus into the childs blood, in order to stimulate the immune system tofight the disease if the child catches it, which is known as vaccination. We will write a custom essay on Vaccine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, McTaggart contradicts this by pointing out that vaccination problemsfar outweigh those of going unvaccinated (1). Therefore, there are manyquestions concerning the safety and effectiveness of vaccines as opposed tothose of going unvaccinated. Vaccines can cause complications that are more harmful than those of goingunvaccinated or even the disease itself. Professor of epidemiology at theuniversity of Washington, Dr Russell Alexander, points out that the panel setup to determine the risks of vaccination did not compare it to those of beingunvaccinated (qtd in Miller 9). This means that the research done by the panel,which proved vaccination risks to be too small to count, contains manyweaknesses. McTaggart links the appearance of learning disabilities, autism, andhyperactivity to the beginning of the mass vaccination programs (1). Thus,vaccination is directly related to many diseases, in which some are stillunknown. McTaggart adds that the mumps vaccine has proved to be a direct causeof seizures, meningitis, deafness, and encephalitis. (6). These are extremelydangerous and unrecoverable diseases. Dr J Anthony Morris, an immunizationspecialist formerly of Americas National Institutes of Health and Food andDrug Administratio n says that In several of the studies, the measles vaccinestrain has been recovered from the spines of the victims, showing conclusivelythat the vaccine caused the encephalitis (qtd in McTaggart. 5). Thus, thisdoctor as a medical authority relates the measles vaccine to a deadly diseasesuch as the encephalitis. On the other hand, the risks of catching the diseasefor unvaccinated children are similar, if not less, to the risks of developingharmful complications due to the vaccine. Therefore, vaccination is more riskyto your child than going unvaccinated. In addition to the safety problems, vaccines have also proven to be ineffectiveamong many children. McTaggart reasons the current debate about vaccination tothe fact that measles portion of the triple shot is not working (2). This meansthat children who receive the triple shot, called MMR, which is a short hand formeasles, mumps, and rubella, are not completely immune against these diseases. McTaggart adds that the cases of measles are increasing exponentially during thelast decade (2). Similar to measles, McTaggart states that rubellas portion ofthe vaccine showed failure in preventing this fatal disease (3). Therefore, thefact that vaccination is not effective is common in many diseases. According tothe Centers for Disease Control Morbidity and Mortality in 1985, about 80percent of measles cases occurring to children in America were in vaccinatedones who were vaccinated in an appropriate age (McTaggart 3). Therefore,generally vaccination is ineffective against most diseases. Vaccine supporters defend vaccines claiming that it caused a reduction in thenumber of disease cases among children upon its invention. However, this claimis wrong, as it lacks an important side, which is was the number of diseaseamong children increasing or decreasing before the vaccine invention. Byreviewing the child disease history before vaccines invention, we see that thenumber of child-disease cases was already decreasing before the invention ofvaccines. Nowadays, the number of child-disease cases are beginning to growagain due to the increasing use of vaccines. Vaccines are not the reason for thedecreasing number of child-disease cases, as it is steadily increasing nowadays. .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a , .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .postImageUrl , .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a , .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a:hover , .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a:visited , .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a:active { border:0!important; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a:active , .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sula EssayTherefore, vaccinated children face more problems than the unvaccinated ones. Vaccination is hazardous to the childs health and could cause even greatercomplications than those of the disease itself. In addition to safety problems,vaccination has proved to be ineffective against many diseases such as measlesand rubella to name some of them. Besides, Castro infers in House and Homemagazine, that childhood illness gives the childs immunity a chance to developstronger and more resistant to diseases (24). Thus, it is a kind of training forthe immune system of the child against diseases. Therefore, vaccination shouldbe abolished, for it is not safe nor it is effective against many diseases. BibliographyCastro, Miranda. Measles, Mumps, Chickenpox, The natural way to nurse them.. House and Home Apr. 1994: 24-25. McTaggart, Lynne. The WDDTY vaccination handbook. Miller, Susan Katz. Vaccination risks are too small to count. . NewScientist25 Sept. 1993: 9.